![]() ![]() This runs contrary to recent practice in the field of structural engineering, where, for example, diagrid exoskeleton frames are increasingly being used to resist both vertical and lateral loads.Ĭonsidering previous research involving the holistic optimization of building frames, Chan et al. There are in contrast relatively few examples of what may be termed ‘holistic’ optimization of the structural frame, in which all load cases are considered when identifying the locations and sizes of members forming the frame of a building. 2012), and was recently considered in more detail by Lu et al. 2000 Terán-Gilmore and Coeto 2011 Stromberg et al. As a result, in many bracing optimization studies, it is first assumed that the sizes of the main columns and beams in a structural frame are determined by consideration of gravity load cases (only), and that these members will have sufficient strength to play their required roles in resisting lateral loads without needing to be resized this scenario has been considered by various workers (e.g. This is because it is considered improbable that maximum gravity loads will coincide with, say, maximum wind loads. Often the load case which involves application of the maximum lateral load includes design gravity loads which are not at their maximum value. When designing a building, structural engineers normally rely on codes of practice, which generally require that several separate load cases are considered. Simple benchmark problems and a practical building design example are used to illustrate the concepts explored.Įnsuring adequate resistance to lateral loads is central to the design of any building. Since applicable load cases are design code dependent, this also indicates that optimal layout will be strongly influenced by choice of design code. A significant finding is that a parameter related to the difference in vertical and lateral loads to be applied in the applicable load cases is a key factor determining the optimal layout of frame members. It is found that the optimal layouts identified differ from those obtained when bracing is sought for a pre-existing frame, already designed to resist gravity loads. The superposition approach is shown to be applicable to the three primary load case problems involved. The plastic design layout optimization formulation is used, considering the multiple load cases arising from the requirements of a well-known structural design code. In this study, the optimal layout of the principal structural members forming a building frame are sought, considering both gravity and lateral loads. ![]()
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